{"source":"ProCalc.ai Materials Database","version":"1.0","updated":"2026-05-28","license":"CC BY 4.0 — Attribution required: ProCalc.ai","documentation":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight","api_url":"https://procalc.ai/api/materials.json","total_materials":103,"groups":[{"name":"Earth","count":14,"density_range_lb_ft3":"20–140"},{"name":"Glass","count":8,"density_range_lb_ft3":"2–157"},{"name":"Metals","count":23,"density_range_lb_ft3":"109–1339"},{"name":"Plastics","count":16,"density_range_lb_ft3":"1–134"},{"name":"Stone","count":22,"density_range_lb_ft3":"50–187"},{"name":"Wood","count":20,"density_range_lb_ft3":"23–59"}],"materials":[{"name":"Asphalt","slug":"asphalt","density_lb_ft3":140,"density_kg_m3":2242.59,"group":"Earth","category":"All","shapes":["plate","block"],"applications":["Roads","Driveways","Parking lots","Patching"],"description":"Asphalt is a bituminous mixture of aggregate and petroleum-based binder with a density of 140 lb/ft3 (2,243 kg/m3). It is the most widely used paving material in the world, covering approximately 94% of paved roads in the United States.","source":"USDA NRCS Soil Survey; Geotechnical Engineering Handbook","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"Bitumen + aggregate","color":"#484848","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=asphalt"},{"name":"Clay (Dry)","slug":"clay-dry","density_lb_ft3":100,"density_kg_m3":1601.85,"group":"Earth","category":"All","shapes":["block"],"applications":["Brick manufacturing","Ceramics","Soil amendment","Waterproofing"],"description":"Dry clay is a fine-grained natural soil with a density of 100 lb/ft3 (1,602 kg/m3). Its impermeability when compacted makes it a standard material for landfill liners, pond sealing, and waterproofing applications.","source":"USDA NRCS Soil Survey; Geotechnical Engineering Handbook","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#B87333","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=clay-dry"},{"name":"Clay (Wet)","slug":"clay-wet","density_lb_ft3":137,"density_kg_m3":2194.5345,"group":"Earth","category":"All","shapes":["block"],"applications":["Excavation","Landfill construction","Earthwork grading","Foundation backfill"],"description":"Wet clay has a density of 137 lb/ft3 (2,195 kg/m3), approximately 37% heavier than dry clay due to moisture absorption. This weight difference is critical for excavation equipment sizing and haul load calculations.","source":"USDA NRCS Soil Survey; Geotechnical Engineering Handbook","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#6B4226","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=clay-wet"},{"name":"Crushed Stone","slug":"crushed-stone","density_lb_ft3":100,"density_kg_m3":1601.85,"group":"Earth","category":"All","shapes":["block"],"applications":["Road base","Driveways","Drainage","Concrete aggregate"],"description":"Crushed stone is mechanically fractured rock with angular faces and a density of 100 lb/ft3 (1,602 kg/m3). Its interlocking angular shape provides superior compaction and load distribution compared to rounded gravel.","source":"USDA NRCS Soil Survey; Geotechnical Engineering Handbook","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#808080","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=crushed-stone"},{"name":"Fill Dirt","slug":"fill-dirt","density_lb_ft3":90,"density_kg_m3":1441.665,"group":"Earth","category":"All","shapes":["block"],"applications":["Site grading","Foundation backfill","Hole filling","Raising grade"],"description":"Fill dirt is subsoil free of organic material with a density of 90 lb/ft3 (1,442 kg/m3). Its lack of organic content prevents decomposition and settlement, making it the preferred structural fill for foundations and grade work.","source":"USDA NRCS Soil Survey; Geotechnical Engineering Handbook","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#8B7355","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=fill-dirt"},{"name":"Gravel","slug":"gravel","density_lb_ft3":105,"density_kg_m3":1681.9425,"group":"Earth","category":"All","shapes":["block"],"applications":["Driveways","Drainage","Landscaping","Road base"],"description":"Gravel is naturally occurring rounded aggregate with a density of 105 lb/ft3 (1,682 kg/m3). Its smooth, water-worn surfaces provide excellent drainage in French drains, foundation perimeters, and landscaping.","source":"USDA NRCS Soil Survey; Geotechnical Engineering Handbook","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":null,"color":null,"calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=gravel"},{"name":"Gravel (Dry)","slug":"gravel-dry","density_lb_ft3":105,"density_kg_m3":1681.9425,"group":"Earth","category":"All","shapes":["block"],"applications":["Driveways","Landscaping","Drainage","Pathways"],"description":"Dry gravel has a density of 105 lb/ft3 (1,682 kg/m3), consisting of naturally rounded stones typically ranging from 3/8 inch to 3 inches in diameter. It is widely used for driveways, landscaping paths, and drainage systems.","source":"USDA NRCS Soil Survey; Geotechnical Engineering Handbook","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#A9A9A9","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=gravel-dry"},{"name":"Gravel (Wet)","slug":"gravel-wet","density_lb_ft3":125,"density_kg_m3":2002.3125,"group":"Earth","category":"All","shapes":["block"],"applications":["Excavation hauling","Wet site drainage","Stream bed work","Foundation drainage"],"description":"Wet gravel has a density of 125 lb/ft3 (2,002 kg/m3), approximately 19% heavier than dry gravel. Gravel drains faster than most aggregates, returning to near-dry weight within hours.","source":"USDA NRCS Soil Survey; Geotechnical Engineering Handbook","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#696969","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=gravel-wet"},{"name":"Ice","slug":"ice","density_lb_ft3":57.2,"density_kg_m3":916.2582,"group":"Earth","category":"All","shapes":["plate","block","cylinder"],"applications":["Roof ice load calculation","Structural engineering","Ice rink weight","Shipping logistics","Ice sculpting","Winter weather preparation","Backyard rink planning"],"description":"Ice has a density of 57.4 lb/ft3 (919 kg/m3), approximately 8% lighter than liquid water. This lower density causes ice to float, a property critical to winter construction load calculations on frozen bodies of water.","source":"USDA NRCS Soil Survey; Geotechnical Engineering Handbook","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":null,"color":null,"calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=ice"},{"name":"Mulch","slug":"mulch","density_lb_ft3":20,"density_kg_m3":320.37,"group":"Earth","category":"All","shapes":["block"],"applications":["Landscaping","Garden beds","Playgrounds","Erosion control"],"description":"Wood mulch has a density of approximately 15 lb/ft3 (240 kg/m3), making it one of the lightest landscaping materials by volume. A standard cubic yard of mulch weighs only 400-800 lbs depending on moisture and wood species.","source":"USDA NRCS Soil Survey; Geotechnical Engineering Handbook","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":null,"color":null,"calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=mulch"},{"name":"Sand","slug":"sand","density_lb_ft3":100,"density_kg_m3":1601.85,"group":"Earth","category":"All","shapes":["block"],"applications":["Concrete mix","Landscaping","Sandbags","Masonry"],"description":"Sand has a density of approximately 100 lb/ft3 (1,602 kg/m3) when dry. It is a fundamental construction material used in concrete production, masonry mortar, and as a leveling base under pavers.","source":"USDA NRCS Soil Survey; Geotechnical Engineering Handbook","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":null,"color":null,"calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=sand"},{"name":"Sand (Dry)","slug":"sand-dry","density_lb_ft3":100,"density_kg_m3":1601.85,"group":"Earth","category":"All","shapes":["block"],"applications":["Concrete mixing","Under pavers","Masonry","Glass manufacturing"],"description":"Dry sand has a density of 100 lb/ft3 (1,602 kg/m3) and consists of granular particles typically 0.1-2mm in diameter. It is the primary fine aggregate in concrete and mortar production worldwide.","source":"USDA NRCS Soil Survey; Geotechnical Engineering Handbook","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#C2B280","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=sand-dry"},{"name":"Sand (Wet)","slug":"sand-wet","density_lb_ft3":120,"density_kg_m3":1922.22,"group":"Earth","category":"All","shapes":["block"],"applications":["Wet excavation","Beach construction","Dewatering projects","Coastal engineering"],"description":"Wet sand has a density of 120 lb/ft3 (1,922 kg/m3), approximately 20% heavier than dry sand. The trapped moisture between grains adds significant weight for excavation and hauling calculations.","source":"USDA NRCS Soil Survey; Geotechnical Engineering Handbook","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#967854","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=sand-wet"},{"name":"Topsoil","slug":"topsoil","density_lb_ft3":75,"density_kg_m3":1201.3875,"group":"Earth","category":"All","shapes":["block"],"applications":["Landscaping","Gardens","Grading","Raised beds"],"description":"Topsoil has a density of approximately 75 lb/ft3 (1,202 kg/m3), lighter than subsoil due to its organic content. It is the nutrient-rich upper layer of soil essential for landscaping and agricultural applications.","source":"USDA NRCS Soil Survey; Geotechnical Engineering Handbook","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":null,"color":null,"calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=topsoil"},{"name":"Borosilicate Glass","slug":"borosilicate-glass","density_lb_ft3":140,"density_kg_m3":2242.59,"group":"Glass","category":"All","shapes":["plate","tube","cylinder","block"],"applications":["Laboratory glassware","Cookware","Optical lenses","Chemical processing"],"description":"Borosilicate glass contains approximately 13% boron trioxide with a density of 140 lb/ft3 (2,243 kg/m3). Its exceptional thermal shock resistance (withstanding 300+ degree F differentials) makes it the standard for laboratory glassware and Pyrex cookware.","source":"ASTM C1036; manufacturer technical specifications","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"SiO₂ + B₂O₃","color":"#E8E8E8","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=borosilicate-glass"},{"name":"Cork","slug":"cork","density_lb_ft3":15,"density_kg_m3":240.2775,"group":"Glass","category":"Insulation","shapes":["plate","block"],"applications":["Flooring","Wall tiles","Bulletin boards","Insulation"],"description":"Cork is the bark of the cork oak tree with a density of approximately 15 lb/ft3 (240 kg/m3). Its cellular structure of air-filled chambers provides natural thermal insulation, vibration damping, and moisture resistance.","source":"ASTM C1036; manufacturer technical specifications","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#C09860","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=cork"},{"name":"Foam Board","slug":"foam-board","density_lb_ft3":2,"density_kg_m3":32.037,"group":"Glass","category":"Insulation","shapes":["plate","block"],"applications":["Insulation","Signage","Packaging","Crafts"],"description":"Foam board insulation (expanded polystyrene) has a density of approximately 1 lb/ft3 (16 kg/m3), making it one of the lightest construction materials. It provides an R-value of approximately 3.6-4.0 per inch of thickness.","source":"ASTM C1036; manufacturer technical specifications","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":null,"color":null,"calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=foam-board"},{"name":"Glass","slug":"glass","density_lb_ft3":157,"density_kg_m3":2514.9045,"group":"Glass","category":"All","shapes":["plate","block","cylinder"],"applications":["Windows","Shower doors","Tabletops","Facades"],"description":"Standard soda-lime glass has a density of approximately 156 lb/ft3 (2,499 kg/m3). It is the most common glass type, used in approximately 90% of all glass products including windows, bottles, and tableware.","source":"ASTM C1036; manufacturer technical specifications","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"SiO₂","color":"#88C0D0","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=glass"},{"name":"Plate Glass","slug":"plate-glass","density_lb_ft3":156,"density_kg_m3":2498.886,"group":"Glass","category":"All","shapes":["plate"],"applications":["Windows","Mirrors","Picture frames","Display cases"],"description":"Plate glass (float glass) has a density of 156 lb/ft3 (2,499 kg/m3). Manufactured by floating molten glass on liquid tin, this process creates perfectly flat, optically clear sheets used in windows and mirrors.","source":"ASTM C1036; manufacturer technical specifications","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#D4E6F1","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=plate-glass"},{"name":"Porcelain","slug":"porcelain","density_lb_ft3":150,"density_kg_m3":2402.775,"group":"Glass","category":"Ceramics","shapes":["plate","block","cylinder"],"applications":["Floor tiles","Wall tiles","Countertops","Exterior cladding"],"description":"Porcelain is a dense ceramic material with a density of approximately 150 lb/ft3 (2,403 kg/m3). Fired at temperatures above 2,300 degrees F, it achieves near-zero water absorption and exceptional hardness.","source":"ASTM C1036; manufacturer technical specifications","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":null,"color":null,"calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=porcelain"},{"name":"Porcelain Tile","slug":"porcelain-tile","density_lb_ft3":150,"density_kg_m3":2402.775,"group":"Glass","category":"Ceramics","shapes":["plate"],"applications":["Bathroom flooring","Kitchen backsplash","Outdoor patios","Pool surrounds","Commercial flooring","Wall tile","Countertop slabs"],"description":"Porcelain tile has a density of approximately 150 lb/ft3 (2,403 kg/m3) with a water absorption rate below 0.5%. Its density and impermeability make it suitable for high-traffic commercial floors and outdoor installations.","source":"ASTM C1036; manufacturer technical specifications","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"SiO₂ + Al₂O₃","color":"#E8E4E0","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=porcelain-tile"},{"name":"Tempered Glass","slug":"tempered-glass","density_lb_ft3":156,"density_kg_m3":2498.886,"group":"Glass","category":"All","shapes":["plate"],"applications":["Shower doors","Patio doors","Automotive","Safety glazing"],"description":"Tempered glass has a density of 156 lb/ft3 (2,499 kg/m3), identical to plate glass since tempering is a thermal treatment. It is 4-5 times stronger than annealed glass and shatters into small granular pieces rather than sharp shards.","source":"ASTM C1036; manufacturer technical specifications","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#B0C4DE","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=tempered-glass"},{"name":"Aluminum","slug":"aluminum","density_lb_ft3":168.5,"density_kg_m3":2699.1173,"group":"Metals","category":"Non-Ferrous","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","tube","block","cylinder"],"applications":["Aerospace","Automotive","Marine","Construction"],"description":"Aluminum 6061-T6 is a heat-treatable alloy with a density of 169 lb/ft3 (2,707 kg/m3). It offers the best combination of strength, corrosion resistance, and machinability among common aluminum alloys.","source":"ASM International Metals Handbook; MatWeb Material Property Data","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"Al","color":"#A8B8C8","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=aluminum"},{"name":"Brass","slug":"brass","density_lb_ft3":524,"density_kg_m3":8393.694,"group":"Metals","category":"Non-Ferrous","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","tube","block","cylinder"],"applications":["Plumbing fittings","Musical instruments","Decorative hardware","Ammunition"],"description":"Brass is a copper-zinc alloy with a density of 534 lb/ft3 (8,553 kg/m3). Its combination of corrosion resistance, machinability, and acoustic properties makes it essential for plumbing fittings, musical instruments, and decorative hardware.","source":"ASM International Metals Handbook; MatWeb Material Property Data","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"Cu + Zn","color":"#D4A843","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=brass"},{"name":"Bronze","slug":"bronze","density_lb_ft3":548,"density_kg_m3":8778.138,"group":"Metals","category":"Non-Ferrous","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","tube","block","cylinder"],"applications":["Bearings","Marine hardware","Sculptures","Springs"],"description":"Bronze is a copper-tin alloy with a density of 541 lb/ft3 (8,666 kg/m3). Harder and more corrosion-resistant than brass, it is used for bearings, marine hardware, sculptures, and architectural elements.","source":"ASM International Metals Handbook; MatWeb Material Property Data","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"Cu + Sn","color":"#B08D57","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=bronze"},{"name":"Carbon Steel","slug":"steel","density_lb_ft3":490,"density_kg_m3":7849.065,"group":"Metals","category":"Ferrous","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","tube","block","cylinder"],"applications":["Construction","Shipbuilding","Pressure vessels","Heavy machinery"],"description":"Carbon steel is an iron-carbon alloy containing 0.12-2.0% carbon with a density of 490 lb/ft3 (7,849 kg/m3). It is the most widely used structural metal in construction, accounting for approximately 90% of global steel production.","source":"ASM International Metals Handbook; MatWeb Material Property Data","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"Fe + C","color":"#6B7B8D","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=steel"},{"name":"Cast Iron","slug":"cast-iron","density_lb_ft3":450,"density_kg_m3":7208.325,"group":"Metals","category":"Ferrous","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","tube","block","cylinder"],"applications":["Engine blocks","Pipes","Cookware","Machine bases"],"description":"Cast iron is an iron-carbon alloy with 2-4% carbon and a density of 450 lb/ft3 (7,209 kg/m3). Its excellent compressive strength and castability make it the standard for engine blocks, pipe, and heavy machinery bases.","source":"ASM International Metals Handbook; MatWeb Material Property Data","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"Fe + C (2–4%)","color":"#5C6670","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=cast-iron"},{"name":"Copper","slug":"copper","density_lb_ft3":559,"density_kg_m3":8954.3415,"group":"Metals","category":"Non-Ferrous","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","tube","block","cylinder"],"applications":["Electrical wiring","Plumbing","Roofing","Heat exchangers"],"description":"Copper is a native element (Cu) with a density of 559 lb/ft3 (8,954 kg/m3). Its unmatched electrical conductivity makes it the primary material for electrical wiring, while its antimicrobial properties suit plumbing and medical applications.","source":"ASM International Metals Handbook; MatWeb Material Property Data","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"Cu","color":"#CD7F32","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=copper"},{"name":"Galvanized Steel","slug":"galvanized-steel","density_lb_ft3":490,"density_kg_m3":7849.065,"group":"Metals","category":"Ferrous","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","tube","block","cylinder"],"applications":["Roofing","Fencing","Ductwork","Outdoor structures"],"description":"Galvanized steel is carbon steel coated with zinc for corrosion protection, with a density of 490 lb/ft3 (7,849 kg/m3). The zinc coating can extend service life to 50+ years in moderate environments.","source":"ASM International Metals Handbook; MatWeb Material Property Data","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"Fe + Zn coating","color":"#8B8B8B","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=galvanized-steel"},{"name":"Gold","slug":"gold","density_lb_ft3":1206,"density_kg_m3":19318.311,"group":"Metals","category":"Precious","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","tube","block","cylinder"],"applications":["Jewelry","Electronics","Currency","Dentistry"],"description":"Gold is a precious metal (Au) with a density of 1,206 lb/ft3 (19,320 kg/m3), making it one of the densest elements. Its malleability, conductivity, and corrosion immunity make it essential in electronics and jewelry.","source":"ASM International Metals Handbook; MatWeb Material Property Data","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"Au","color":"#D4A843","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=gold"},{"name":"Inconel","slug":"inconel","density_lb_ft3":525,"density_kg_m3":8409.7125,"group":"Metals","category":"Non-Ferrous","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","tube","block","cylinder"],"applications":["Jet engines","Chemical processing","Nuclear reactors","Marine"],"description":"Inconel is a nickel-chromium superalloy with a density of 525 lb/ft3 (8,409 kg/m3). It maintains structural integrity at temperatures up to 2,000 degrees F, making it essential for jet engines, nuclear reactors, and chemical processing.","source":"ASM International Metals Handbook; MatWeb Material Property Data","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"Ni + Cr + Fe","color":"#7E8C9A","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=inconel"},{"name":"Lead","slug":"lead","density_lb_ft3":708,"density_kg_m3":11341.098,"group":"Metals","category":"Non-Ferrous","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","tube","block","cylinder"],"applications":["Radiation shielding","Batteries","Ballast","Soundproofing"],"description":"Lead is a heavy metal (Pb) with a density of 708 lb/ft3 (11,340 kg/m3). Its exceptional radiation shielding ability and corrosion resistance make it the standard for X-ray protection, battery plates, and acoustic barriers.","source":"ASM International Metals Handbook; MatWeb Material Property Data","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"Pb","color":"#6A6E74","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=lead"},{"name":"Magnesium","slug":"magnesium","density_lb_ft3":109,"density_kg_m3":1746.0165,"group":"Metals","category":"Non-Ferrous","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","tube","block","cylinder"],"applications":["Aerospace","Automotive","Electronics","Sports equipment"],"description":"Magnesium is a lightweight structural metal with a density of 109 lb/ft3 (1,746 kg/m3), approximately 35% lighter than aluminum. It is the lightest commonly used structural metal, employed in aerospace, automotive, and electronics.","source":"ASM International Metals Handbook; MatWeb Material Property Data","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"Mg","color":"#B0B8C0","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=magnesium"},{"name":"Mild Steel","slug":"mild-steel","density_lb_ft3":490,"density_kg_m3":7849.065,"group":"Metals","category":"Ferrous","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","tube","block","cylinder"],"applications":["General fabrication","Machinery","Automotive","Sheet metal work"],"description":"Mild steel (low-carbon steel) contains 0.05-0.25% carbon with a density of 490 lb/ft3 (7,849 kg/m3). Its excellent weldability and formability make it the dominant material for general fabrication, sheet metal, and structural applications.","source":"ASM International Metals Handbook; MatWeb Material Property Data","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#6E6E6E","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=mild-steel"},{"name":"Nickel","slug":"nickel","density_lb_ft3":556,"density_kg_m3":8906.286,"group":"Metals","category":"Non-Ferrous","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","tube","block","cylinder"],"applications":["Alloys","Plating","Batteries","Chemical processing"],"description":"Nickel is a transition metal (Ni) with a density of 556 lb/ft3 (8,908 kg/m3). It is primarily used as an alloying element in stainless steel and superalloys, providing corrosion resistance and high-temperature strength.","source":"ASM International Metals Handbook; MatWeb Material Property Data","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"Ni","color":"#9AA0A8","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=nickel"},{"name":"Platinum","slug":"platinum","density_lb_ft3":1339,"density_kg_m3":21448.7715,"group":"Metals","category":"Precious","shapes":["plate","bar","block","cylinder"],"applications":["Catalytic converters","Jewelry","Laboratory equipment","Electronics"],"description":"Platinum is a precious metal (Pt) with a density of 1,340 lb/ft3 (21,450 kg/m3), the densest of all commonly traded metals. Its catalytic properties make it essential in automotive catalytic converters and chemical processing.","source":"ASM International Metals Handbook; MatWeb Material Property Data","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"Pt","color":"#C0C8D0","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=platinum"},{"name":"Rebar (Steel)","slug":"rebar","density_lb_ft3":490,"density_kg_m3":7849.065,"group":"Metals","category":"Ferrous","shapes":["bar"],"applications":["Concrete reinforcement","Foundation footings","Retaining walls","Columns and beams"],"description":"Rebar (reinforcing bar) is deformed carbon steel bar with a density of 490 lb/ft3 (7,849 kg/m3). Its surface deformations grip concrete to provide tensile reinforcement in foundations, walls, columns, and bridge decks.","source":"ASM International Metals Handbook; MatWeb Material Property Data","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#5C5C5C","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=rebar"},{"name":"Silver","slug":"silver","density_lb_ft3":655,"density_kg_m3":10492.1175,"group":"Metals","category":"Precious","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","tube","block","cylinder"],"applications":["Jewelry","Electronics","Photography","Silverware"],"description":"Silver is a precious metal (Ag) with a density of 655 lb/ft3 (10,490 kg/m3). It has the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any element, making it valuable in electronics, solar panels, and medical applications.","source":"ASM International Metals Handbook; MatWeb Material Property Data","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"Ag","color":"#B0B8C0","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=silver"},{"name":"Stainless Steel","slug":"stainless-steel","density_lb_ft3":502,"density_kg_m3":8041.287,"group":"Metals","category":"Ferrous","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","tube","block","cylinder"],"applications":["Food equipment","Medical devices","Architecture","Chemical processing"],"description":"Stainless steel is an iron-chromium alloy (minimum 10.5% Cr) with a density of approximately 490-501 lb/ft3 (7,849-8,026 kg/m3). The chromium forms a self-healing oxide layer that provides maintenance-free corrosion resistance.","source":"ASM International Metals Handbook; MatWeb Material Property Data","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"Fe + Cr + Ni","color":"#9CA3AF","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=stainless-steel"},{"name":"Steel (304 SS)","slug":"steel-304-ss","density_lb_ft3":501,"density_kg_m3":8025.2685,"group":"Metals","category":"Ferrous","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","tube","block","cylinder"],"applications":["Food processing equipment","Chemical tanks","Medical devices","Kitchen fixtures"],"description":"304 stainless steel (18-8) contains 18% chromium and 8% nickel with a density of 501 lb/ft3 (8,026 kg/m3). It is the most widely used stainless steel grade, standard for food processing, medical, and architectural applications.","source":"ASM International Metals Handbook; MatWeb Material Property Data","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#C0C0C0","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=steel-304-ss"},{"name":"Titanium","slug":"titanium","density_lb_ft3":281,"density_kg_m3":4501.1985,"group":"Metals","category":"Non-Ferrous","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","tube","block","cylinder"],"applications":["Aerospace","Medical Implants"],"description":"Titanium is a lightweight, high-strength metal (Ti) with a density of 281 lb/ft3 (4,500 kg/m3). Its strength-to-weight ratio exceeds steel while weighing 43% less, making it essential in aerospace, medical implants, and marine applications.","source":"ASM International Metals Handbook; MatWeb Material Property Data","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"Ti","color":"#8892A0","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=titanium"},{"name":"Tool Steel","slug":"tool-steel","density_lb_ft3":490,"density_kg_m3":7849.065,"group":"Metals","category":"Ferrous","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","tube","block","cylinder"],"applications":["Cutting tools","Dies and molds","Punches","Drill bits"],"description":"Tool steel is a high-carbon, high-alloy steel with a density of 490 lb/ft3 (7,849 kg/m3). Heat-treatable to 58-65 HRC hardness, it is used for cutting tools, dies, molds, and any application requiring extreme wear resistance.","source":"ASM International Metals Handbook; MatWeb Material Property Data","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#4A4A4A","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=tool-steel"},{"name":"Tungsten","slug":"tungsten","density_lb_ft3":1204,"density_kg_m3":19286.274,"group":"Metals","category":"Non-Ferrous","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","tube","block","cylinder"],"applications":["Cutting tools","Ballast","Radiation shielding","Electrodes"],"description":"Tungsten is a refractory metal (W) with a density of 1,204 lb/ft3 (19,280 kg/m3) and the highest melting point of any element at 6,192 degrees F. It is used in cutting tools, counterweights, and radiation shielding.","source":"ASM International Metals Handbook; MatWeb Material Property Data","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"W","color":"#5A6068","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=tungsten"},{"name":"Wrought Iron","slug":"wrought-iron","density_lb_ft3":487,"density_kg_m3":7801.0095,"group":"Metals","category":"Ferrous","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","tube","block","cylinder"],"applications":["Ornamental fencing","Gates","Railings","Historical restoration"],"description":"Wrought iron is nearly pure iron (less than 0.08% carbon) with fibrous slag inclusions and a density of 487 lb/ft3 (7,801 kg/m3). Its malleability and corrosion resistance made it the primary structural metal before affordable steel production.","source":"ASM International Metals Handbook; MatWeb Material Property Data","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#3E3E3E","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=wrought-iron"},{"name":"Zinc","slug":"zinc","density_lb_ft3":445,"density_kg_m3":7128.2325,"group":"Metals","category":"Non-Ferrous","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","tube","block","cylinder"],"applications":["Galvanizing","Die casting","Roofing","Batteries"],"description":"Zinc is a bluish-white metal (Zn) with a density of 445 lb/ft3 (7,128 kg/m3). Approximately half of global zinc production is used for galvanizing steel, while the remainder goes into die-casting alloys, brass, and zinc oxide.","source":"ASM International Metals Handbook; MatWeb Material Property Data","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"Zn","color":"#A0A8B0","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=zinc"},{"name":"ABS Plastic","slug":"abs-plastic","density_lb_ft3":65.5,"density_kg_m3":1049.2118,"group":"Plastics","category":"Thermoplastics","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","tube","block","cylinder"],"applications":["Automotive parts","Appliance housings","3D printing","Pipe fittings"],"description":"ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) is an impact-resistant thermoplastic with a density of 65.5 lb/ft3 (1,049 kg/m3). It is used in automotive parts, appliance housings, 3D printing filament, and DWV plumbing pipe.","source":"ASTM International; manufacturer technical datasheets","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#F5F5DC","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=abs-plastic"},{"name":"Acrylic","slug":"acrylic","density_lb_ft3":74.3,"density_kg_m3":1190.1746,"group":"Plastics","category":"Thermoplastics","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","tube","block","cylinder"],"applications":["Signage","Aquariums","Skylights","Display cases"],"description":"Acrylic (polymethyl methacrylate) is a transparent thermoplastic with a density of 74 lb/ft3 (1,185 kg/m3). It transmits 92% of visible light, exceeding glass, while weighing approximately half as much.","source":"ASTM International; manufacturer technical datasheets","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"(C₅H₈O₂)ₙ","color":"#C8DDF0","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=acrylic"},{"name":"Carbon Fiber","slug":"carbon-fiber","density_lb_ft3":98.6,"density_kg_m3":1579.4241,"group":"Plastics","category":"Composites","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","tube","block","cylinder"],"applications":["Aerospace","Automotive","Sports equipment","Drones"],"description":"Carbon fiber composite has a density of approximately 99 lb/ft3 (1,586 kg/m3). Its strength-to-weight ratio is approximately 5 times that of steel, making it essential in aerospace, racing, and high-performance applications.","source":"ASTM International; manufacturer technical datasheets","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"C (graphite fiber)","color":"#3A3A3A","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=carbon-fiber"},{"name":"Fiberglass","slug":"fiberglass","density_lb_ft3":112.4,"density_kg_m3":1800.4794,"group":"Plastics","category":"Composites","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","tube","block","cylinder"],"applications":["Boats","Insulation","Auto body","Tanks"],"description":"Fiberglass (glass fiber reinforced plastic) has a density of approximately 112 lb/ft3 (1,794 kg/m3). It combines glass fiber reinforcement with resin matrix to create strong, corrosion-proof structures.","source":"ASTM International; manufacturer technical datasheets","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"SiO₂ glass + resin","color":"#C8D8C0","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=fiberglass"},{"name":"Fiberglass Composite","slug":"fiberglass-composite","density_lb_ft3":97.4,"density_kg_m3":1560.2019,"group":"Plastics","category":"Composites","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","tube","block","cylinder"],"applications":["Boat hulls","Shower surrounds","Tanks","Body panels"],"description":"Fiberglass composite has a density of 97.4 lb/ft3 (1,560 kg/m3). Its high strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion immunity make it the standard material for boat hulls, chemical tanks, and shower surrounds.","source":"ASTM International; manufacturer technical datasheets","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#E8D5B7","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=fiberglass-composite"},{"name":"HDPE","slug":"hdpe","density_lb_ft3":60,"density_kg_m3":961.11,"group":"Plastics","category":"Thermoplastics","shapes":["plate","bar","tube","block"],"applications":["Water pipe","Containers","Cutting boards","Geomembranes"],"description":"HDPE (high-density polyethylene) has a density of 59.2 lb/ft3 (948 kg/m3), lighter than water. It is the standard material for municipal water pipe, chemical containers, and geomembrane liners.","source":"ASTM International; manufacturer technical datasheets","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"(C₂H₄)ₙ","color":"#F0F0F0","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=hdpe"},{"name":"Nylon","slug":"nylon","density_lb_ft3":71,"density_kg_m3":1137.3135,"group":"Plastics","category":"Thermoplastics","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","tube","block","cylinder"],"applications":["Gears and sprockets","Bearings and bushings","Structural components","Cable ties","Food processing parts","3D printed prototypes","Wear strips"],"description":"Nylon (polyamide) has a density of approximately 71 lb/ft3 (1,137 kg/m3). Its exceptional wear resistance and low friction make it the standard engineering plastic for bearings, gears, and structural components.","source":"ASTM International; manufacturer technical datasheets","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"(C₁₂H₂₂N₂O₂)ₙ","color":"#F0E8D8","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=nylon"},{"name":"Polycarbonate","slug":"polycarbonate","density_lb_ft3":74.9,"density_kg_m3":1199.7857,"group":"Plastics","category":"Thermoplastics","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","tube","block","cylinder"],"applications":["Safety glazing","Greenhouses","Signage","Machine guards"],"description":"Polycarbonate is an impact-resistant transparent plastic with a density of 75 lb/ft3 (1,202 kg/m3). It is virtually unbreakable, making it the standard for safety glazing, bulletproof panels, and protective equipment.","source":"ASTM International; manufacturer technical datasheets","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"(C₁₆H₁₄O₃)ₙ","color":"#D8E4F0","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=polycarbonate"},{"name":"Polyethylene (HDPE)","slug":"polyethylene-hdpe","density_lb_ft3":59.2,"density_kg_m3":948.2952,"group":"Plastics","category":"Thermoplastics","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","tube","block","cylinder"],"applications":["Water pipe","Containers","Cutting boards","Geomembranes"],"description":"HDPE (high-density polyethylene) has a density of 59.2 lb/ft3 (948 kg/m3). It is the most widely used polyethylene grade, employed in pipe systems, containers, and geomembrane applications.","source":"ASTM International; manufacturer technical datasheets","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#F0F0F0","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=polyethylene-hdpe"},{"name":"Polypropylene (PP)","slug":"polypropylene","density_lb_ft3":55.5,"density_kg_m3":889.0268,"group":"Plastics","category":"Thermoplastics","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","tube","block","cylinder"],"applications":["Packaging","Automotive","Textiles","Chemical containers"],"description":"Polypropylene (PP) is the lightest commonly used structural plastic with a density of 55.5 lb/ft3 (889 kg/m3). Its chemical resistance and living hinge capability make it essential in packaging, automotive, and medical applications.","source":"ASTM International; manufacturer technical datasheets","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"(C₃H₆)ₙ","color":"#FFFFF0","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=polypropylene"},{"name":"PVC","slug":"pvc","density_lb_ft3":86.1,"density_kg_m3":1379.1929,"group":"Plastics","category":"Thermoplastics","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","tube","block","cylinder"],"applications":["Pipe and fittings","Window frames","Siding","Electrical conduit"],"description":"PVC (polyvinyl chloride) has a density of 86.1 lb/ft3 (1,379 kg/m3). It is the third most produced plastic globally and the dominant material for construction pipe, window frames, and vinyl siding.","source":"ASTM International; manufacturer technical datasheets","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"(C₂H₃Cl)ₙ","color":"#DCDCDC","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=pvc"},{"name":"Rubber","slug":"rubber","density_lb_ft3":74,"density_kg_m3":1185.369,"group":"Plastics","category":"Rubber","shapes":["plate","bar","tube","block"],"applications":["Flooring","Gaskets","Vibration dampening","Gym mats"],"description":"Synthetic rubber has a density of approximately 74 lb/ft3 (1,185 kg/m3). Engineered to provide specific properties like oil resistance or UV stability, it is used in tires, seals, gaskets, and vibration isolation.","source":"ASTM International; manufacturer technical datasheets","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"(C₅H₈)ₙ","color":"#4A4A4A","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=rubber"},{"name":"Rubber (Natural)","slug":"rubber-natural","density_lb_ft3":57.4,"density_kg_m3":919.4619,"group":"Plastics","category":"Rubber","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","tube","block","cylinder"],"applications":["Tires","Vibration mounts","Seals and gaskets","Flooring"],"description":"Natural rubber (cis-1,4-polyisoprene) has a density of 57.4 lb/ft3 (919 kg/m3). Its exceptional elasticity, able to stretch to 700% of original length, makes it irreplaceable in heavy-duty tires and vibration isolation.","source":"ASTM International; manufacturer technical datasheets","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#8B4513","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=rubber-natural"},{"name":"Rubber (Neoprene)","slug":"rubber-neoprene","density_lb_ft3":75,"density_kg_m3":1201.3875,"group":"Plastics","category":"Rubber","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","tube","block","cylinder"],"applications":["Gaskets","Wetsuits","Hoses","Weatherstripping"],"description":"Neoprene (polychloroprene) is a synthetic rubber with a density of 75 lb/ft3 (1,202 kg/m3). It provides excellent resistance to oil, ozone, and weathering, making it the standard for bridge bearing pads and industrial gaskets.","source":"ASTM International; manufacturer technical datasheets","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#2F4F4F","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=rubber-neoprene"},{"name":"Styrofoam (EPS)","slug":"styrofoam","density_lb_ft3":1,"density_kg_m3":16.0185,"group":"Plastics","category":"Thermoplastics","shapes":["plate","block"],"applications":["Building insulation","Packaging and cushioning","Geofoam road fill","ICF construction","SIP panels","Cold chain shipping","Decorative molding"],"description":"Expanded polystyrene (Styrofoam) has a density of approximately 1-2 lb/ft3 (16-32 kg/m3). Its structure is 95-98% air, providing exceptional thermal insulation at minimal weight.","source":"ASTM International; manufacturer technical datasheets","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"(C₈H₈)ₙ foam","color":"#E8E0D8","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=styrofoam"},{"name":"Teflon (PTFE)","slug":"teflon","density_lb_ft3":134,"density_kg_m3":2146.479,"group":"Plastics","category":"Thermoplastics","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","tube","block","cylinder"],"applications":["Chemical processing linings","Non-stick coatings","Gaskets and seals","Bearings and bushings","Electrical insulation","Bridge bearing pads","Laboratory equipment"],"description":"PTFE (Teflon) has a density of approximately 135 lb/ft3 (2,163 kg/m3). It has the lowest coefficient of friction of any solid material and is chemically inert to virtually all substances.","source":"ASTM International; manufacturer technical datasheets","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"(C₂F₄)ₙ","color":"#F0F4F8","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=teflon"},{"name":"Basalt","slug":"basalt","density_lb_ft3":187,"density_kg_m3":2995.4595,"group":"Stone","category":"Natural Stone","shapes":["plate","block"],"applications":["Countertops","Road aggregate","Railroad ballast","Rip-rap"],"description":"Basalt is a dense volcanic rock with a density of 187 lb/ft3 (2,995 kg/m3), making it one of the heaviest natural stones. Its extreme hardness and durability make it a premium material for road aggregate, rip-rap, and architectural stone.","source":"Engineering Toolbox; USGS Mineral Resources Data; ASTM standards","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"SiO₂ + MgO + FeO","color":"#3B3B3B","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=basalt"},{"name":"Bluestone","slug":"bluestone","density_lb_ft3":160,"density_kg_m3":2562.96,"group":"Stone","category":"Natural Stone","shapes":["plate","block"],"applications":["Patios","Walkways","Pool decks","Steps"],"description":"Bluestone is a dense sandstone or limestone with a density of approximately 160 lb/ft3 (2,563 kg/m3). Quarried primarily in Pennsylvania and New York, it is prized for patios, walkways, and stair treads.","source":"Engineering Toolbox; USGS Mineral Resources Data; ASTM standards","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"Silicates","color":"#6A7078","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=bluestone"},{"name":"Brick","slug":"brick","density_lb_ft3":120,"density_kg_m3":1922.22,"group":"Stone","category":"Concrete & Masonry","shapes":["plate","block"],"applications":["Walls","Facades","Patios","Fireplaces"],"description":"Standard clay brick has a density of approximately 120 lb/ft3 (1,922 kg/m3). A standard modular brick (3-5/8 x 2-1/4 x 7-5/8 inches) weighs approximately 4.5 lbs.","source":"Engineering Toolbox; USGS Mineral Resources Data; ASTM standards","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"Fired clay (Al₂O₃ · SiO₂)","color":"#9E4A34","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=brick"},{"name":"Cement Board","slug":"cement-board","density_lb_ft3":78,"density_kg_m3":1249.443,"group":"Stone","category":"Concrete & Masonry","shapes":["plate"],"applications":["Tile backer","Exterior siding","Underlayment","Countertops"],"description":"Cement board has a density of approximately 100 lb/ft3 (1,602 kg/m3). Made from Portland cement and fibers, it provides a waterproof substrate for tile in showers, tub surrounds, and exterior cladding.","source":"Engineering Toolbox; USGS Mineral Resources Data; ASTM standards","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"Calcium silicate","color":"#E4E0DC","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=cement-board"},{"name":"Ceramic Tile","slug":"ceramic-tile","density_lb_ft3":150,"density_kg_m3":2402.775,"group":"Stone","category":"Natural Stone","shapes":["plate"],"applications":["Floor tiles","Wall tiles","Backsplashes","Shower walls"],"description":"Ceramic tile has a density of approximately 140 lb/ft3 (2,243 kg/m3). Made from clay fired at 1,800-2,200 degrees F, it is harder and more water-resistant than terracotta but less dense than porcelain.","source":"Engineering Toolbox; USGS Mineral Resources Data; ASTM standards","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"SiO₂ + Al₂O₃","color":"#D8CCC0","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=ceramic-tile"},{"name":"Concrete","slug":"concrete","density_lb_ft3":150,"density_kg_m3":2402.775,"group":"Stone","category":"Concrete & Masonry","shapes":["plate","block","cylinder"],"applications":["Foundations","Slabs","Walls","Driveways"],"description":"Concrete is a composite of cement, aggregate, and water with a density of approximately 150 lb/ft3 (2,403 kg/m3). It is the most widely used construction material in the world, with over 10 billion tons produced annually.","source":"Engineering Toolbox; USGS Mineral Resources Data; ASTM standards","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"Portland cement + aggregate","color":"#8890A0","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=concrete"},{"name":"Drywall","slug":"drywall","density_lb_ft3":50,"density_kg_m3":800.925,"group":"Stone","category":"Concrete & Masonry","shapes":["plate"],"applications":["Interior walls","Ceilings","Partitions","Fire barriers"],"description":"Drywall (gypsum board) has a density of approximately 42 lb/ft3 (673 kg/m3). A standard 4x8 foot sheet of 1/2-inch drywall weighs approximately 57 lbs.","source":"Engineering Toolbox; USGS Mineral Resources Data; ASTM standards","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"CaSO₄ · 2H₂O","color":"#E0DCD8","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=drywall"},{"name":"Full Bed Stone Veneer","slug":"full-bed-stone-veneer","density_lb_ft3":160,"density_kg_m3":2562.96,"group":"Stone","category":"Stone Veneer","shapes":["plate"],"applications":["Exterior walls","Foundation facing","Retaining walls","Commercial facades","Monument signs"],"description":"Full-bed stone veneer has a density of approximately 160 lb/ft3 (2,563 kg/m3). Cut from natural stone at 3-5 inch depth, it provides authentic stone appearance with the full weight and thermal mass of natural stone.","source":"Engineering Toolbox; USGS Mineral Resources Data; ASTM standards","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":null,"color":null,"calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=full-bed-stone-veneer"},{"name":"Granite","slug":"granite","density_lb_ft3":168,"density_kg_m3":2691.108,"group":"Stone","category":"Natural Stone","shapes":["plate","block"],"applications":["Countertops","Flooring","Monuments","Paving"],"description":"Granite is a coarse-grained igneous rock with a density of 168 lb/ft3 (2,691 kg/m3). One of the hardest natural stones, it is widely used for countertops, monuments, and building facades.","source":"Engineering Toolbox; USGS Mineral Resources Data; ASTM standards","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"SiO₂ + feldspars","color":"#7A7A7A","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=granite"},{"name":"Gypsum","slug":"gypsum","density_lb_ft3":112,"density_kg_m3":1794.072,"group":"Stone","category":"Concrete & Masonry","shapes":["plate","block"],"applications":["Drywall","Plaster","Ceiling tiles","Fire protection"],"description":"Gypsum (calcium sulfate dihydrate) has a density of 112 lb/ft3 (1,794 kg/m3) in solid form. Its 21% water content by weight provides natural fire resistance, making it the basis for drywall and plaster.","source":"Engineering Toolbox; USGS Mineral Resources Data; ASTM standards","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#F5F5F5","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=gypsum"},{"name":"Limestone","slug":"limestone","density_lb_ft3":155,"density_kg_m3":2482.8675,"group":"Stone","category":"Natural Stone","shapes":["plate","block"],"applications":["Building facades","Flooring","Landscaping","Aggregate"],"description":"Limestone is a sedimentary carbonate rock with a density of approximately 160 lb/ft3 (2,563 kg/m3). It is used in building stone, aggregate, cement production, and agricultural lime.","source":"Engineering Toolbox; USGS Mineral Resources Data; ASTM standards","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"CaCO₃","color":"#C8C0B0","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=limestone"},{"name":"Manufactured Stone Veneer","slug":"manufactured-stone-veneer","density_lb_ft3":120,"density_kg_m3":1922.22,"group":"Stone","category":"Stone Veneer","shapes":["plate"],"applications":["Exterior siding","Interior accent walls","Fireplace surrounds","Commercial facades","Wainscoting"],"description":"Manufactured stone veneer is a concrete-based product with a density of approximately 100 lb/ft3 (1,602 kg/m3). At roughly half the weight of natural stone, it can be installed on wood-frame walls without additional structural support.","source":"Engineering Toolbox; USGS Mineral Resources Data; ASTM standards","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":null,"color":null,"calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=manufactured-stone-veneer"},{"name":"Marble","slug":"marble","density_lb_ft3":160,"density_kg_m3":2562.96,"group":"Stone","category":"Natural Stone","shapes":["plate","block"],"applications":["Countertops","Flooring","Sculptures","Wall cladding"],"description":"Marble is a metamorphic rock with a density of 169 lb/ft3 (2,707 kg/m3). Formed from recrystallized limestone under heat and pressure, it is prized for sculpture, countertops, and architectural cladding.","source":"Engineering Toolbox; USGS Mineral Resources Data; ASTM standards","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"CaCO₃","color":"#D0CCC4","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=marble"},{"name":"Mortar","slug":"mortar","density_lb_ft3":115,"density_kg_m3":1842.1275,"group":"Stone","category":"Concrete & Masonry","shapes":["plate","block"],"applications":["Masonry joints","Brick laying","Stone veneer","Stucco base"],"description":"Mortar is a cementitious paste of Portland cement, lime, and sand with a cured density of 115 lb/ft3 (1,842 kg/m3). It bonds masonry units together and accounts for approximately 7% of a typical brick wall volume.","source":"Engineering Toolbox; USGS Mineral Resources Data; ASTM standards","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#C4B39A","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=mortar"},{"name":"Natural Thin Stone Veneer","slug":"natural-thin-stone-veneer","density_lb_ft3":168,"density_kg_m3":2691.108,"group":"Stone","category":"Stone Veneer","shapes":["plate"],"applications":["Exterior facades","Fireplace surrounds","Accent walls","Column wraps","Retaining wall facing"],"description":"Natural thin stone veneer has a density of approximately 160 lb/ft3 (2,563 kg/m3). Cut to 3/4-1-1/4 inch thickness, it is approximately 75% lighter per square foot than full-bed stone while maintaining authentic natural appearance.","source":"Engineering Toolbox; USGS Mineral Resources Data; ASTM standards","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":null,"color":null,"calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=natural-thin-stone-veneer"},{"name":"Quartz","slug":"quartz","density_lb_ft3":165,"density_kg_m3":2643.0525,"group":"Stone","category":"Engineered Stone","shapes":["plate","block"],"applications":["Countertops","Vanity tops","Wall panels","Flooring"],"description":"Engineered quartz has a density of approximately 165 lb/ft3 (2,643 kg/m3). Composed of 90-94% ground quartz bound with polymer resins, it provides consistent color and pattern with superior stain resistance compared to natural stone.","source":"Engineering Toolbox; USGS Mineral Resources Data; ASTM standards","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":null,"color":null,"calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=quartz"},{"name":"Quartzite","slug":"quartzite","density_lb_ft3":165,"density_kg_m3":2643.0525,"group":"Stone","category":"Natural Stone","shapes":["plate","block"],"applications":["Kitchen countertops","Bathroom vanities","Floor tile","Wall cladding","Fireplace surrounds","Exterior paving","Stair treads"],"description":"Quartzite is a metamorphic rock with a density of approximately 165 lb/ft3 (2,643 kg/m3). Formed from sandstone under extreme heat and pressure, it is one of the hardest natural stones used for countertops and flooring.","source":"Engineering Toolbox; USGS Mineral Resources Data; ASTM standards","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"SiO₂","color":"#D0CCC4","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=quartzite"},{"name":"River Rock","slug":"river-rock","density_lb_ft3":100,"density_kg_m3":1601.85,"group":"Stone","category":"Natural Stone","shapes":["block"],"applications":["Garden bed cover","Dry creek beds","Drainage layers","Erosion control","Driveway borders","Mulch replacement","Decorative accents"],"description":"River rock has a density of approximately 170 lb/ft3 (2,723 kg/m3). Naturally smoothed by water erosion, it is used for landscaping, dry creek beds, and decorative ground cover.","source":"Engineering Toolbox; USGS Mineral Resources Data; ASTM standards","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"Mixed silicates","color":"#8890A0","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=river-rock"},{"name":"Sandstone","slug":"sandstone","density_lb_ft3":137,"density_kg_m3":2194.5345,"group":"Stone","category":"Natural Stone","shapes":["plate","block"],"applications":["Building facades","Paving","Landscaping","Retaining walls"],"description":"Sandstone is a sedimentary rock with a density of approximately 150 lb/ft3 (2,403 kg/m3). Its layered composition and workability make it a traditional building stone for facades, flagstone, and decorative elements.","source":"Engineering Toolbox; USGS Mineral Resources Data; ASTM standards","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"SiO₂","color":"#D4B896","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=sandstone"},{"name":"Slate","slug":"slate","density_lb_ft3":168,"density_kg_m3":2691.108,"group":"Stone","category":"Natural Stone","shapes":["plate"],"applications":["Roofing","Flooring","Countertops","Chalkboards"],"description":"Slate is a fine-grained metamorphic rock with a density of approximately 175 lb/ft3 (2,803 kg/m3). Its natural cleavage planes allow it to be split into thin, flat sheets used for roofing, flooring, and chalkboards.","source":"Engineering Toolbox; USGS Mineral Resources Data; ASTM standards","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":"Silicates","color":"#6A7078","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=slate"},{"name":"Soapstone","slug":"soapstone","density_lb_ft3":170,"density_kg_m3":2723.145,"group":"Stone","category":"Natural Stone","shapes":["plate","block"],"applications":["Countertops","Sinks","Fireplaces","Lab surfaces"],"description":"Soapstone (steatite) has a density of approximately 170 lb/ft3 (2,723 kg/m3). Its exceptional heat retention and chemical inertness make it ideal for countertops, wood stove surrounds, and laboratory bench tops.","source":"Engineering Toolbox; USGS Mineral Resources Data; ASTM standards","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":null,"color":null,"calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=soapstone"},{"name":"Travertine","slug":"travertine","density_lb_ft3":156,"density_kg_m3":2498.886,"group":"Stone","category":"Natural Stone","shapes":["plate","block"],"applications":["Flooring","Countertops","Wall cladding","Pool decks"],"description":"Travertine is a form of limestone with a density of approximately 155 lb/ft3 (2,483 kg/m3). Its distinctive porous surface and warm tones make it a popular choice for flooring, wall cladding, and pool surrounds.","source":"Engineering Toolbox; USGS Mineral Resources Data; ASTM standards","source_tier":"silver","chemical_formula":null,"color":null,"calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=travertine"},{"name":"Ash","slug":"ash","density_lb_ft3":40,"density_kg_m3":640.74,"group":"Wood","category":"Hardwood","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","block"],"applications":["Baseball bats","Tool handles","Flooring","Furniture"],"description":"Ash is a ring-porous hardwood with a density of 40 lb/ft3 (641 kg/m3). Its exceptional shock resistance and straight grain make it the traditional material for baseball bats, tool handles, and sporting goods.","source":"USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Wood Handbook FPL-GTR-282","source_tier":"gold","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#D2C6A5","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=ash"},{"name":"Bamboo","slug":"bamboo","density_lb_ft3":25,"density_kg_m3":400.4625,"group":"Wood","category":"Hardwood","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","block"],"applications":["Flooring","Furniture","Fencing","Cutting boards"],"description":"Bamboo is a rapidly renewable grass with a density of approximately 22 lb/ft3 (352 kg/m3). Despite being classified as grass, engineered bamboo flooring and lumber products rival hardwood in strength and durability.","source":"USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Wood Handbook FPL-GTR-282","source_tier":"gold","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#C4B070","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=bamboo"},{"name":"Birch","slug":"birch","density_lb_ft3":40,"density_kg_m3":640.74,"group":"Wood","category":"Hardwood","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","block"],"applications":["Plywood","Furniture","Cabinetry","Flooring"],"description":"Birch is a fine-grained hardwood with a density of approximately 43 lb/ft3 (689 kg/m3). Its light color, smooth grain, and excellent machining properties make it popular for plywood, cabinets, and turnings.","source":"USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Wood Handbook FPL-GTR-282","source_tier":"gold","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#DCC8A0","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=birch"},{"name":"Cedar","slug":"cedar","density_lb_ft3":23,"density_kg_m3":368.4255,"group":"Wood","category":"Softwood","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","block"],"applications":["Decking","Siding","Fencing","Closet lining"],"description":"Western red cedar has a density of approximately 23 lb/ft3 (368 kg/m3), the lightest commercially available softwood. Its natural oils provide excellent decay and insect resistance without chemical treatment.","source":"USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Wood Handbook FPL-GTR-282","source_tier":"gold","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#B87040","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=cedar"},{"name":"Cherry","slug":"cherry","density_lb_ft3":43,"density_kg_m3":688.7955,"group":"Wood","category":"Hardwood","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","block"],"applications":["Furniture","Cabinetry","Flooring","Millwork"],"description":"Cherry (Prunus serotina) is a fine-grained hardwood with a density of approximately 35 lb/ft3 (561 kg/m3). It darkens richly with age and light exposure, making it prized for fine furniture and cabinetry.","source":"USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Wood Handbook FPL-GTR-282","source_tier":"gold","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#9B4722","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=cherry"},{"name":"Douglas Fir","slug":"douglas-fir","density_lb_ft3":32,"density_kg_m3":512.592,"group":"Wood","category":"Softwood","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","block"],"applications":["Structural framing","Plywood","Heavy timber","Decking"],"description":"Douglas fir is the most important structural softwood in North America with a density of 32 lb/ft3 (513 kg/m3). Its high strength-to-weight ratio and stiffness make it the standard species for dimensional lumber and structural plywood.","source":"USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Wood Handbook FPL-GTR-282","source_tier":"gold","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#B5651D","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=douglas-fir"},{"name":"Hardboard","slug":"hardboard","density_lb_ft3":59,"density_kg_m3":945.0915,"group":"Wood","category":"Engineered","shapes":["plate"],"applications":["Pegboard","Backer board","Underlayment","Furniture backs"],"description":"Hardboard (high-density fiberboard) has a density of 59 lb/ft3 (945 kg/m3). Manufactured by compressing wood fibers at high temperature without adhesive binders, it produces extremely smooth, hard surfaces.","source":"USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Wood Handbook FPL-GTR-282","source_tier":"gold","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#6B4226","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=hardboard"},{"name":"Hickory","slug":"hickory","density_lb_ft3":51,"density_kg_m3":816.9435,"group":"Wood","category":"Hardwood","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","block"],"applications":["Tool handles","Smoking wood","Flooring","Drumsticks"],"description":"Hickory is the hardest common North American hardwood with a density of 51 lb/ft3 (817 kg/m3) and Janka hardness of 1,820. Its exceptional shock resistance makes it the premier wood for tool handles and drumsticks.","source":"USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Wood Handbook FPL-GTR-282","source_tier":"gold","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#8B6914","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=hickory"},{"name":"Mahogany","slug":"mahogany","density_lb_ft3":35,"density_kg_m3":560.6475,"group":"Wood","category":"Hardwood","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","block"],"applications":["Furniture","Boat building","Millwork","Musical instruments"],"description":"Mahogany is a tropical hardwood with a density of approximately 35 lb/ft3 (561 kg/m3). Its dimensional stability, workability, and rich reddish-brown color make it one of the most valued woods for fine furniture and boat building.","source":"USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Wood Handbook FPL-GTR-282","source_tier":"gold","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#7A3B2E","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=mahogany"},{"name":"Maple","slug":"maple","density_lb_ft3":44,"density_kg_m3":704.814,"group":"Wood","category":"Hardwood","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","block"],"applications":["Flooring","Furniture","Butcher blocks","Cabinetry"],"description":"Hard maple (sugar maple) has a density of approximately 44 lb/ft3 (705 kg/m3). Its hardness, fine grain, and light color make it the standard for hardwood flooring, cutting boards, and bowling alleys.","source":"USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Wood Handbook FPL-GTR-282","source_tier":"gold","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#C8A882","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=maple"},{"name":"MDF","slug":"mdf","density_lb_ft3":48,"density_kg_m3":768.888,"group":"Wood","category":"Engineered","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","block"],"applications":["Cabinetry","Shelving","Trim","Speaker boxes"],"description":"MDF (medium-density fiberboard) has a density of approximately 48 lb/ft3 (769 kg/m3). Its uniformly smooth surface and excellent machinability make it the preferred substrate for painted cabinetry and decorative millwork.","source":"USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Wood Handbook FPL-GTR-282","source_tier":"gold","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#C4956A","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=mdf"},{"name":"Oak","slug":"oak","density_lb_ft3":47,"density_kg_m3":752.8695,"group":"Wood","category":"Hardwood","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","block"],"applications":["Furniture","Flooring","Cabinetry","Framing"],"description":"Oak is a ring-porous hardwood with a density of approximately 44 lb/ft3 (705 kg/m3). The most widely used hardwood in North America, it is the standard for flooring, cabinetry, and furniture.","source":"USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Wood Handbook FPL-GTR-282","source_tier":"gold","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#8B6E4E","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=oak"},{"name":"OSB","slug":"osb","density_lb_ft3":40,"density_kg_m3":640.74,"group":"Wood","category":"Engineered","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","block"],"applications":["Wall sheathing","Roof decking","Subflooring","Packaging"],"description":"OSB (oriented strand board) has a density of approximately 40 lb/ft3 (641 kg/m3). Made from compressed wood strands oriented in alternating layers, it is the dominant structural sheathing material in North American construction.","source":"USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Wood Handbook FPL-GTR-282","source_tier":"gold","chemical_formula":null,"color":null,"calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=osb"},{"name":"Particle Board","slug":"particle-board","density_lb_ft3":44,"density_kg_m3":704.814,"group":"Wood","category":"Engineered","shapes":["plate"],"applications":["Furniture substrate","Shelving","Countertop substrate","Underlayment"],"description":"Particle board has a density of 44 lb/ft3 (705 kg/m3). Made from wood chips and resin, it is the most economical panel product, widely used as a substrate under laminate countertops and in ready-to-assemble furniture.","source":"USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Wood Handbook FPL-GTR-282","source_tier":"gold","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#C9BA93","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=particle-board"},{"name":"Particleboard","slug":"particleboard","density_lb_ft3":45,"density_kg_m3":720.8325,"group":"Wood","category":"Engineered","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","block"],"applications":["Furniture","Countertops","Shelving"],"description":"Particleboard is an engineered wood panel with a density of approximately 44 lb/ft3 (705 kg/m3). Made from wood chips and resin binder, it is the most economical panel product for furniture and countertop substrates.","source":"USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Wood Handbook FPL-GTR-282","source_tier":"gold","chemical_formula":null,"color":null,"calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=particleboard"},{"name":"Pine","slug":"pine","density_lb_ft3":31,"density_kg_m3":496.5735,"group":"Wood","category":"Softwood","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","block"],"applications":["Framing","Decking","Furniture","Fencing"],"description":"Pine (southern yellow pine) has a density of approximately 35 lb/ft3 (561 kg/m3). It is the primary species for pressure-treated lumber, trusses, and structural framing in the southeastern United States.","source":"USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Wood Handbook FPL-GTR-282","source_tier":"gold","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#D4B483","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=pine"},{"name":"Plywood","slug":"plywood","density_lb_ft3":34,"density_kg_m3":544.629,"group":"Wood","category":"Engineered","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","block"],"applications":["Sheathing","Subflooring","Cabinetry","Furniture"],"description":"Plywood has a density of approximately 34 lb/ft3 (545 kg/m3). Its cross-laminated veneer structure provides exceptional strength and dimensional stability, making it the standard for structural sheathing and cabinetry.","source":"USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Wood Handbook FPL-GTR-282","source_tier":"gold","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#C4956A","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=plywood"},{"name":"Redwood","slug":"redwood","density_lb_ft3":28,"density_kg_m3":448.518,"group":"Wood","category":"Softwood","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","block"],"applications":["Decking","Fencing","Siding","Outdoor furniture"],"description":"Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) has a density of 28 lb/ft3 (449 kg/m3). Its heartwood contains natural tannins providing excellent decay resistance, making it a premium material for decking, fencing, and outdoor structures.","source":"USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Wood Handbook FPL-GTR-282","source_tier":"gold","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#8B2500","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=redwood"},{"name":"Teak","slug":"teak","density_lb_ft3":41,"density_kg_m3":656.7585,"group":"Wood","category":"Hardwood","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","block"],"applications":["Boat decking","Outdoor furniture","Flooring","Veneer"],"description":"Teak has a density of approximately 41 lb/ft3 (657 kg/m3). Its natural oils provide exceptional weather and decay resistance, making it the gold standard for outdoor furniture, boat decks, and marine applications.","source":"USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Wood Handbook FPL-GTR-282","source_tier":"gold","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#A67C52","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=teak"},{"name":"Walnut","slug":"walnut","density_lb_ft3":38,"density_kg_m3":608.703,"group":"Wood","category":"Hardwood","shapes":["plate","bar","square_bar","block"],"applications":["Furniture","Gunstocks","Cabinetry","Veneer"],"description":"Black walnut has a density of approximately 38 lb/ft3 (609 kg/m3). Its rich dark color, fine grain, and workability make it one of the most valued domestic hardwoods for fine furniture, gunstocks, and architectural millwork.","source":"USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Wood Handbook FPL-GTR-282","source_tier":"gold","chemical_formula":null,"color":"#5C4033","calculator_url":"https://procalc.ai/construction/material-weight?material=walnut"}]}